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(2) The formation of a name for a chemical compound usually involves the following steps, to be taken so far as they are applicable in the order given:
(a) From the nature of the compound determine the type of nomenclature to be used (substitutive, radicofunctional, additive, subtractive, conjunctive or replacement); or treat as an assembly of identical units.
(b) Determine the kind of characteristic group for use as the principal group, if any. Only one kind of characteristic group should be cited as suffix or functional class name. All substituents not so cited must be named as prefixes.
(c) Determine the parent structure (principal chain, parent ring system, or conjunctive components).
(d) Name the parent structure and the principal group(s).
(i) Determine and name the infixes and prefixes
(f) Complete the numbering.
(g) Assemble the partial names into a complete name, using for all the detachable prefixes the alphabetical order.
(3) Details for each of the above steps and for each type of nomenclature are given in the rules which follow.
(4) In substitutive nomenclature some characteristic groups can be denoted either as prefixes or as suffixes, but others only as prefixes. Radicofunctional nomenclature differs in that separate words (or in some languages suffixes) designating the principal group(s) are associated with radical names designating the remainder of the structure. The characteristic groups that can be cited as suffixes in substitutive nomenclature are not necessarily identical with the groups designated by the functional class name when radicofunctional nomenclature is used (e.g., butanone and ethyl methyl ketone, where -one denotes =O and ketone denotes >CO).
See Recommendations'93 R-4, Tables 5, 9 and 10
See also:
Nomenclature of assemblies of identical units
Free radicals, ions, and radical ions
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